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If you are referring to an idea from another work but you are paraphrasing or summarizing and not directly quoting the material, then you do not need to use the page number in your in-text citation. Jones (2015) does not need to appear on your reference page, but you will reference Smith (2018) as that is the source you read and referenced.This format shows that the idea originated with Jones (2015) but that you found the idea in Smith (2018).Jones (2015) is the indirect source that is found in Smith (2018).Jones (2015) explained the importance of properly citing indirect sources (as cited in Smith, 2018).If those authors cite a source, then that is an indirect source and would be cited as follows: Indirect or Secondary sources: Make sure you are always citing the author(s) whose work you are reading. Two or more works in the same parenthesis: When your parenthetical citation includes two or more works, order them alphabetically separated by a semi-colon.Īuthors with the same last name: To prevent confusion in a parenthetical citation, use first initials when citing two authors with the same last name (alphabetize by the first initial). Parenthetical example subsequent citations:(APA, 2017).Parenthetical example first time: (American Psychological Association, 2017).Narrative example subsequent citations: According to APA (2017).Narrative example first time: According to the American Psychological Association (APA, 2017).
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If the organization has a well-known abbreviation, include the abbreviation in brackets the first time the source is cited and then use only the abbreviation in later citations.
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Organization or Group author : If the author is an organization or a government agency, mention the organization in-text and parenthetically the first time you cite the source.